Is Apple a Hedge Fund?

I don’t own any Apple stock, but their announcement about what they’re planning to do with their big stockpile of cash caught my attention. Not because I’m going to rush out and buy the stock, but because of Dodd-Frank.

My analysis of when fund managers need to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission has me focused on the composition of a company’s assets. I was skeptical that Apple had those billions sitting in stacks of $100 bills in a vault at the Apple headquarters. Some of it had to be invested in securities.

Under the Investment Advisers Act you need to register if you are providing investment advice about securities. Apple is in the business of making shiny gadgets and driving tech-boys into slather over its latest product. Is that still true when the company is sitting on an enormous pile of cash and securities?

I decided to take a look at the balance sheet in Apple’s last 10-Q and broke it out into assets and securities.

 Assets Securities
Cash and Cash equivalents          9,815
Short-term marketable securities        19,846
Accounts receivable, less allowances      8,930
Inventories      1,236
Deferred tax assets      1,937
Vendor non-trade receivables      7,554
Other current assets      4,958
Long-term marketable securities        67,445
Property, plant and equipment, net      7,816
Goodwill         896
Acquired intangible assets, net      3,472
Other assets      4,281
   41,080        97,106
     138,186
70%

About 70% of Apple’s assets are in securities. That made me think of my analysis of whether you are an investment adviser. Apple could be a hedge fund. They have more in securities than they do iPhones.

Under Dodd-Frank, the definition of private fund is taken from the definition of an investment company in the Investment Company Act. Part of that definition is that the issuer

owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40 percentum of the value of such issuer’s total assets (exclusive of Government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis.

Apple is above that 40% level, so I took a closer look at Apple’s breakdown of its securities:

Cash 3,956
Money market funds  3,495
Mutual funds  1,238
U.S. Treasury securities 14,685
U.S. agency securities 20,000
Non-U.S. government securities  5,251
Certificates of deposit and time deposits 3,837
Commercial paper  1,518
Corporate securities 38,914
Municipal securities  4,078
Asset-backed securities  549
Total  55,043

That $55,043 happens to represent 40% of 138,681. I would guess that Apple is very aware of that 40% threshold to be considered an investment company and is purposefully keeping its allocation among securities to not go above the 40% threshold.

Because Apple has kept itself below the 40% level you don’t need to address the second prong of the test: whether Apple “holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities.”

So, the answer is “no.” Not because Apple is technology company, but because the company is purposefully managing its portfolio of securities to stay outside the definition.